India celebrated its third Universal Acceptance (UA) Day on March 28, 2025, at the India Habitat Centre, New Delhi. Organized by the National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI) under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), the event focused on the theme “Connecting the Unconnected – Building a Multilingual Internet for Viksit Bharat”.

India’s Digital Landscape: A Statistical Overview

• Internet Users: As of early 2024, India had approximately 751.5 million Internet users, representing an Internet penetration rate of 52.4%.
• Rural Internet Penetration: In 2024, rural areas accounted for 55% of India’s 886 million active internet users, highlighting significant growth in rural Internet adoption.
• Literacy Rates: The overall literacy rate in India stood at 77.7% in 2021, with male literacy at 84.7% and female literacy at 70.3%.
• Linguistic Diversity: India is home to 22 officially recognized languages and a total of 121 languages and 270 mother tongues, reflecting its vast linguistic diversity.

The Imperative for Universal Acceptance

Despite the substantial number of Internet users, a significant portion of India’s population faces barriers due to language constraints. The predominance of English in digital spaces limits access for non-English speakers, particularly in rural areas where digital literacy is still developing. Universal Acceptance aims to bridge this gap by ensuring that domain names and email addresses in local languages are universally recognized and functional across all Internet-enabled applications and systems.

Despite India’s initiatives toward Universal Acceptance (UA) and multilingual Internet, the real impact on the ground remains limited. The challenge isn’t just about enabling domain names or websites in different languages—it’s about ensuring that the people who actually need it know about it and can use it effectively.

1) Awareness Gap: Do People Even Know UA Exists?

• Most rural users still rely on intermediaries (cyber cafes, agents, or family members) to access digital services. Even though government websites now support 22 languages, a majority of users don’t even know about these options or how to navigate them.
  ➡ Example: A farmer wanting to apply for subsidies may not know that the PM-Kisan website is available in Hindi, Tamil, or Marathi. Instead, they depend on others, defeating the purpose of accessibility.
  
  2) Digital Literacy: Language Alone Won’t Solve the Problem
• Even if a website is available in a local language, many first-time users struggle with digital literacy—understanding how to use search functions, fill online forms, or verify information.
  ➡ Example: The government’s Bhashini initiative provides real-time translations, but how many people know how to enable or use it?
  
  3) Keyboards and Input Barriers
• Typing in regional languages remains a challenge. Many official Indian language keyboards are not user-friendly, and auto-suggestions often fail.
  ➡ Example: Someone trying to create an email in Bengali or Odia may struggle because their name in the local script is not recognized by major platforms.
  
  4) Policy vs. Execution: Are We Measuring Impact?
• While events like UA Day highlight India’s commitment to digital inclusivity, there is little public data on whether these efforts are truly helping.
  -How many people have actually started using email IDs in regional languages?
  -How many businesses have shifted to domain names in Indian scripts?
  -How many government services report an increase in non-English users?
  
  Without these metrics, UA risks becoming a symbolic effort rather than a transformative one.
  
  The Way Forward: Beyond Celebrations to Real Change
• Mass Awareness Campaigns – TV, radio, and grassroots efforts to teach people about multilingual internet.
• Simplified Digital Tools – Voice-based navigation like bhashini , better keyboards, and AI-powered assistance in Indian languages.
• Government Mandates with Accountability – Policies ensuring UA compliance in all digital services, with real-time tracking of adoption.
  
  UA can be a game-changer for India setting example at a global level—but only if it moves beyond technical implementation to real-world adoption. Otherwise, we risk celebrating progress that hasn’t yet reached the people who need it most.

For more information on Universal Acceptance and related initiatives, visit:

• NIXI Official Website: https://nixi.in/
• ICANN Universal Acceptance Initiative: https://uasg.tech/ua-day/

Note: The information provided is based on the latest available data as of April 3, 2025.
Reference:
1) https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-India
2) https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/telecom/telecom-news/indias-internet-user-base-to-surpass-900-million-by-2025-driven-by-rural-growth-report/articleshow/117304976.cms
3)https://www.noidabusinessguide.com/literacy-rate-in-india-2024/
4) https://akjoshischool.com/list-of-official-languages-of-indian-states-and-union-territories.html
5) https://uaday.in/
6) https://uasg.tech/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/UASG-FY23-Action-Plan.pdf

In an era where digital connectivity is increasingly recognized as a fundamental right, India’s frequent use of internet shutdowns has become a contentious issue. Reports indicate that India experienced 88 internet shutdowns due to communal violence between 2023 and 2024, which comprised all such shutdowns worldwide during that period. Since 2018, India has accounted for nearly 95% of global internet shutdowns linked to communal unrest, highlighting a stark trend in the country’s approach to managing digital access during times of social tension.

What Are Internet Shutdowns?

An internet shutdown is a government-enforced restriction that either fully blocks internet access or limits specific services, such as social media platforms. These shutdowns can vary in scope, affecting a few districts or entire states, and significantly disrupt the lives of millions of people.

The Data Behind India’s Shutdowns

A detailed examination of the state-wise breakdown of internet shutdowns in India due to protests in 2024 reveals concerning patterns:

• Manipur: Experienced 14 shutdowns, contributing significantly to the overall disruptions.
• Haryana: Saw numerous shutdowns primarily linked to communal tensions.
• Other States: Multiple shutdowns occurred across various regions, severely impacting businesses, education, and everyday communication.

India has become notorious for having the highest number of government-imposed internet shutdowns. Authorities often justify these shutdowns by citing concerns over law and order, despite the significant disruptions they cause to various sectors of society.ion, these disruptions come at a high social and economic cost.

The Human Cost of Internet Blackouts

Internet shutdowns present a significant challenge for students who rely on digital learning, businesses that depend on online transactions, and journalists covering sensitive events. These shutdowns restrict access to timely information, impede emergency responses, and infringe upon fundamental rights such as freedom of speech and access to knowledge.

A Global Perspective

While internet shutdowns are not unique to India and occur in multiple countries, the frequency and scale at which they are implemented in India are unmatched. The international community, including organizations such as Access Now and research teams from The Hindu, have expressed significant concerns regarding the high frequency and far-reaching implications of these shutdowns.

The Path Forward

There is an urgent need for transparent policies and viable alternatives to blanket internet shutdowns. Governments should consider measures such as content moderation, targeted restrictions, and enhanced cybersecurity enforcement to address concerns without completely severing digital access. As reliance on digital technologies increases, protecting the right to internet access is crucial for democracy, economic development, and societal advancement.

The discussion around India’s internet shutdowns should focus on long-term solutions that strike a balance between security concerns and citizens’ rights.

Bank users should be on alert starting April 2025, as new changes are being introduced regarding the login procedure of their accounts as now, a new domain would have to be checked before gain access to the accounts of users. The surge in digital frauds is a matter of concern, warranting action by all stakeholders, in action to which the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced the rollout of an exclusive ‘.bank.in’ domain for Indian lenders to combat digital financial fraud. Following this, a ‘.fin.in’ domain will be introduced for the broader financial sector.

What Should Users Expect?

Financial organizations are consistently updating their security features in order to protect themselves from cyber criminals attacking them. In the modern world where Ceaseless campaigns are being executed for users credentials by creating false websites in order to Phish, fraudsters are proliferating. In an attempt to tackle this problem, banking institutions are resorting to a much more secure and easily verifiable domain.

How Should Users Prepare Themselves?

Stay updated, be on the lookout for any comms coming from your bank that may provide insight on the new domain.The new domain once announced should be bookmarked immediately in order to prevent any mistakes in typing that have the potential to lead to phishing websites.

Make sure to look for https within the address bar. Doing this will signal that there is a secure connection and ensure safety. Cyber criminals may exploit this transition period by sending fake messages or emails so it is best to be cautious. Any new information should be verified and checked against the bank’s official website or customer service.

Activate Two-Factor Authentication (2FA), If not properly initiated, establish your 2FA settings to ensure an additional layer of security is in place.

To Sum Up

The shift of this particular domain is done in order to improve security measures when it comes to systems with banking clients. One must remain cognizant and implement these practices in order to facilitate the transfer with ease and maintain the privacy of your finances. The safest approach if you have any questions is to reach out to your bank.

The most important rule is to keep checking what new communications appeared from your bank, as well as make sure that your online banking account is properly secured.

And as Bank says “Keep banking with us”

“We’re still grappling with the challenges of deepfakes, and now China has unveiled its AI giant—DeepSeek. What does this mean for the future of AI and global tech dynamics?

The global artificial intelligence (AI) landscape witnessed a seismic shift as Chinese startup DeepSeek unveiled its generative AI model, challenging the technological dominance of American giants like OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini. Unlike its US counterparts, DeepSeek is entirely open-source and operates on lower-end chips, making it a cost-effective alternative at just $5.6 million—barely 2% of OpenAI’s O1 model. By sidestepping high-end hardware, which is under US export restrictions, DeepSeek has sent shockwaves through Silicon Valley, shaking the AI ecosystem.

Despite these advancements, DeepSeek’s prospects in India remain uncertain. The country has maintained a wary stance on Chinese technology, particularly following the 2020 border clashes. This geopolitical tension has already led to the banning of Chinese apps such as TikTok and restrictions on telecom equipment from companies like Huawei and ZTE. As a result, Indian firms developing AI applications are likely to remain reliant on US technologies and Nvidia’s graphics processing units (GPUs), despite growing concerns over technological dependency.

The DeepSeek Disruption

DeepSeek’s appeal lies in its affordability, accessibility, and independence from high-end computing resources. The model’s open-source nature makes it a lucrative option for businesses and developers seeking cost-effective AI solutions. However, concerns over security, data sovereignty, and geopolitical ramifications loom large.

The security risks stem from potential data transfer to external servers, a challenge that applies to all generative AI models, including ChatGPT. While local deployment could mitigate risks, trust remains a key issue.

India’s AI Challenge: Dependence vs. Self-Reliance

India’s AI ambitions are at a crossroads. While global AI competition intensifies, India faces the dual challenge of ensuring technological sovereignty while keeping pace with AI advancements. The government’s efforts to bolster domestic compute infrastructure and large language models (LLMs) are in early stages, with policy discussions underway.

The question of data governance is equally critical. The recently enacted Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, along with anticipated rules on cross-border data flow, could impose further restrictions on AI models relying on external infrastructure. Data localization requirements may hinder the adoption of models like DeepSeek if they require data transfers to China, adding another layer of complexity for Indian firms.

The Geopolitical AI Race and India’s Position

The AI race is not just about technological advancements but also about geopolitical influence. The US, through initiatives like the $500 billion Stargate project and export controls on high-end GPUs, is actively shaping the global AI landscape. The restrictions on advanced Nvidia chips, including the A100 and H100 series, have already impacted China’s AI ambitions, pushing Chinese firms to develop alternatives like DeepSeek.

For India, this intensifying AI arms race signals a crucial moment to invest in indigenous AI capabilities.

The Path Forward: Strengthening India’s AI Ecosystem

While India has ambitious plans for developing its AI capabilities, execution remains a challenge. Building an independent AI ecosystem requires substantial investment in research, compute infrastructure, and regulatory frameworks that encourage innovation while safeguarding national security.

One immediate step is enhancing India’s compute infrastructure. The country must invest in high-performance computing (HPC) resources to support large-scale AI training, reducing reliance on foreign GPUs. Collaborations between academia, industry, and government bodies can accelerate the development of indigenous LLMs, customized for India’s linguistic and socio-cultural landscape.

Furthermore, policies must strike a balance between fostering innovation and addressing security concerns. The voluntary ethics code under development should provide clear guidelines on the adoption of foreign AI models, ensuring that companies using solutions like DeepSeek implement stringent data governance practices.

India Must Secure Its AI Future

DeepSeek’s rise underscores a broader reality—AI is no longer just about technology; it is a battleground for economic and geopolitical dominance. For India, the choice is clear: either remain dependent on external AI providers, whether from the US or China, or take decisive steps toward technological self-sufficiency.

If India fails to act now, it risks falling behind in the AI revolution, ceding control over critical digital infrastructure. To truly embrace AI’s potential, India must prioritize indigenous AI development, ensure secure data governance, and build an ecosystem that aligns with its national interests. Only then can India assert its position as a global AI leader, rather than a passive consumer in the unfolding AI era.

Artificial Intelligence | Geneva, 20 January 2025

In a groundbreaking move to address the growing global AI skills gap, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has launched the AI Skills Coalition, a collaborative initiative aimed at democratizing access to AI education worldwide. With founding contributors including industry giants like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft, Cognizant, and regional bodies like the East Africa Community, this coalition represents a united effort to ensure equitable access to AI training and capacity building.

The announcement was made during the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos, where ITU emphasized the critical role of digital technologies in shaping a sustainable future. The AI Skills Coalition will serve as an online platform offering open and accessible training in generative AI, machine learning, and the application of AI for sustainable development. This initiative aligns with the United Nations’ Pact for the Future and Global Digital Compact, addressing the urgent need for global AI capacity building.

“Let’s make sure everyone has a chance to learn the skills they need to benefit from the AI revolution,” said ITU Secretary-General Doreen Bogdan-Martin. “Our new AI Skills Coalition aims to train thousands of people this year, especially those in regions just beginning their AI journey, as part of our commitment to ensure all communities can fully participate in our shared digital future.”

The Global AI Skills Gap: A Pressing Challenge

Recent research cited in ITU and Deloitte’s AI for Good Impact Report reveals that 94% of global business leaders consider AI critical to their organizations’ success. However, the lack of technical skills, the need for upskilling and reskilling, and the challenge of building trust in new technologies remain significant barriers to AI adoption worldwide.

The AI Skills Coalition, a flagship program under ITU’s AI for Good Impact Initiative, seeks to address these challenges by providing educational resources that empower individuals and organizations. The initiative also focuses on reducing the underrepresentation of marginalized groups—such as women, youth, and persons with disabilities—in the development and use of AI technologies.

“Generative AI is rapidly transforming the workforce, with LinkedIn data showing a 142x global increase in professionals adding AI skills in just one year,” noted Kate Behncken, Global Head of Microsoft Philanthropies. “We are proud to collaborate with the ITU AI Skills Coalition to provide accessible AI training, certifications, and capacity-building for policymakers, IT professionals, and organizational leaders.”

A Collaborative Approach to AI Capacity Building

The coalition will leverage the global reach of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), which operates in over 170 countries and territories, to deliver AI training directly to partner nations.

“Capacity development is critical for addressing the AI equity gap, particularly in developing countries,” said Achim Steiner, UNDP Administrator. “Aligned with the vision of this coalition, we will work with our partners to deliver AI training that equips policymakers and stakeholders with the knowledge needed to responsibly adopt and use AI for sustainable development.”

Phased Implementation and Key Features

The AI Skills Coalition will roll out in phases, with a focus on underserved and marginalized communities. Founding organizations are contributing training materials, financial resources, and outreach support to build a robust platform, set to launch in March 2025.

The platform will feature:

• A comprehensive training portfolio and a customizable digital library of AI resources.
• Self-paced courses, webinars, and access to in-person workshops tailored to diverse learning needs.
• Free access to foundational resources, with advanced certifications available at affordable rates.

Throughout 2025, the coalition will expand its offerings to include specialized programs for the general public, as well as government-focused training in AI governance, ethics, and policymaking—particularly for developing and least developed countries (LDCs).

AI for Good Global Summit 2025

The coalition’s efforts will culminate at the AI for Good Global Summit, scheduled for 8-11 July 2025 in Geneva. The summit will host a series of in-person workshops and skill-building sessions, further solidifying the coalition’s mission to bridge the global AI skills gap.

A Step Toward an Inclusive AI-Powered Future

The AI Skills Coalition represents a significant step toward ensuring that the benefits of AI are accessible to all, regardless of geography or socioeconomic status. By fostering collaboration between global organizations, private sector leaders, and UN agencies, this initiative aims to create a more equitable and inclusive digital future.

As the world continues to embrace AI, initiatives like the AI Skills Coalition remind us that the true potential of technology lies in its ability to empower everyone—not just a privileged few.

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Reference:
1) https://aiforgood.itu.int/ai-skills-coalition/
2) https://tinyurl.com/ITU-AI-Skills
3) https://cloud.google.com/learn/what-is-artificial-intelligence

The Global Digital Compact (GDC) is a pioneering international framework designed to shape an inclusive, sustainable, and secure digital future for all. Focused on harnessing the potential of digital technologies while promoting their responsible regulation, the GDC emphasizes the need for cooperation to ensure that the digital landscape is fair, open, and accessible. While ambitious in scope, the framework also faces scrutiny for certain oversights and gaps, underscoring the importance of continued dialogue and refinement to achieve a truly just and equitable digital future.

What is Global Digital Compact and what we want from it?

The Global Digital Compact is a United Nations initiative aimed at establishing shared principles and guidelines for the global governance of digital technologies. It prioritizes safeguarding human rights in the digital realm and promoting the responsible use of emerging technologies like AI. With a focus on sustainable development, the GDC lays out core principles, objectives, and actionable steps to create a fair, inclusive, and secure digital environment for all.

The Association for Progressive Communications (APC), along with its advocacy partners, emphasized six key areas for the Global Digital Compact (GDC) to address:

1. Digital Inclusion:
APC advocated for greater community participation in policymaking, regulatory frameworks enabling diverse connectivity providers, and financing mechanisms for meaningful community-level connectivity. These measures aim to address digital inequity and foster inclusive access to digital technologies.

2. Human Rights Online:
Strengthening human rights law in all internet operations was a key priority. APC called for internet governance grounded in human rights standards, adhering to the principles of necessity and proportionality. Transparency and accountability from states and corporations, addressing structural inequalities, and fostering democratic values were emphasized. A rights-respecting digital future requires parity between online and offline environments.

3. Data Protection:
Concerns were raised about massive data harvesting by big tech and intrusive state surveillance, with a focus on the gendered dimensions of data exploitation. APC advocated for robust data protection regimes, increased transparency, and legal restrictions on surveillance. Intersectional and feminist approaches to data governance, along with Indigenous data stewardship and equality-driven governance, were highlighted.

4. Harmful and Misleading Content:
APC called for improved accountability for tech companies and states in addressing hate speech, misinformation, and online discrimination. Consistent industry-wide content moderation standards aligned with human rights principles were needed. Concerns were also raised about the inconsistent application of rules and the poor record of states in fostering trustworthy information and protecting freedom of expression.

5. A Gender-Just Digital Society:
A gender-inclusive digital future requires an intersectional feminist perspective. APC advocated for recognizing systemic gender-based discrimination and ensuring the inclusion of diverse genders in governance. Priorities included addressing technology-facilitated gender-based violence, ensuring privacy and digital safety, and promoting transparency and accountability in algorithms and AI systems. The work was grounded in the Feminist Principles of the Internet.

6. Earth Justice and Sustainable Development:
APC underscored the need for a precautionary principle in digitalization, advocating for a circular economy approach in technology design and production. Private companies were urged to ensure transparency regarding socio-environmental impacts, while governments and corporations were called to support community-led connectivity initiatives that respect planetary boundaries and the rights of nature.

These key focus areas aim to create a more inclusive, rights-driven, and sustainable digital ecosystem, addressing the intersecting challenges of equity, justice, and environmental stewardship.

Objectives and Actions of the Global Digital Compact
The Global Digital Compact (GDC) goes beyond principles, offering clear objectives and actionable measures to achieve its vision:

• Strengthening Digital Infrastructure:
  Countries are encouraged to collaborate in developing robust digital infrastructure, with a focus on underdeveloped regions. Proposed actions include investments in 5G networks, digital literacy initiatives, and public-private partnerships to ensure universal connectivity.
• Governance of AI and Emerging Technologies:
  The GDC emphasizes the need for global regulatory frameworks to guide the ethical development and use of AI and emerging technologies. These frameworks aim to prevent the reinforcement of existing inequalities and mitigate potential harms.
• Ensuring Data Sovereignty and Privacy:
  The Compact advocates for the global protection of data privacy rights. It calls on nations to safeguard citizens’ digital footprints and empower individuals with control over their data through comprehensive regulatory measures.
• Addressing Digital Misinformation:
  Governments and technology companies are urged to collaborate in combating misinformation, hate speech, and cybercrime. This includes implementing regulations, promoting transparency, and adopting real-time monitoring mechanisms.
• Promoting Sustainable Technology Practices:
  The GDC underscores the importance of aligning technological advancements with environmental sustainability. It calls for green technology initiatives and digital solutions that actively contribute to combating climate change.

These objectives and actions aim to create a digital future that is inclusive, ethical, and environmentally conscious, fostering collaboration among nations, organizations, and individuals.

Gaps in the Global Digital Compact

The final text of the Global Digital Compact (GDC) falls short in addressing many critical advocacy points raised by civil society and other stakeholders. Several gaps in the Compact highlight areas of concern:

1. Human Rights

• The GDC’s language on human rights lacks strength and consistency. References to “international law” are used instead of the more robust “international human rights law.”
• The Compact does not adequately address state obligations to refrain from mass surveillance or ensure that targeted surveillance complies with principles of legality, legitimacy, necessity, and proportionality.
• New technologies, such as AI, pose significant risks to human rights, yet the GDC fails to apply human rights obligations consistently throughout the technology lifecycle, from design to application.
• Restrictions on states and companies deploying technologies incompatible with human rights principles are insufficiently outlined.
• The UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is under-supported. Its critical work on technology, business, and human rights is weakened by a reliance on voluntary funding mechanisms rather than robust institutional backing.

2. Inclusive Internet Governance

• The GDC undermines the multistakeholder approach, a cornerstone of effective internet governance, by failing to meaningfully include civil society, academia, the private sector, the technical community, and grassroots groups in consultations, implementation, or follow-ups.
• Proposed mechanisms risk centralising and nationalising internet governance through state structures, privileging the private sector while marginalising non-state actors.
• The GDC does not prioritize multistakeholder input in designing new bodies or mechanisms, nor in developing financing initiatives and digital public infrastructure. This omission increases the risk of technologies being adopted primarily for data collection without adequate accountability.

These weaknesses reveal the need for stronger commitments to human rights and inclusivity in global digital governance, ensuring that the GDC fulfills its promise of a just and equitable digital future.

Addressing Deficiencies in the Global Digital Compact: Key Areas for Action

While the GDC has notable gaps, many of these can be addressed through careful and vigilant implementation. Civil society has a critical role to play in ensuring that mechanisms, bodies, and processes align with the overarching goal of an “inclusive, open, sustainable, fair, safe, and secure digital future for all.”

Cross-Cutting Areas Requiring Attention:

1. Strengthened Multistakeholder Cooperation and Coordination
   • Enhanced Collaboration: Governments, civil society, the private sector, and the technical community must work together more effectively at all levels.
   • Streamlining Global Processes: The GDC fails to address the fragmentation among UN and other global digital initiatives. Better coordination is needed among processes like WSIS+20, IGF, and Beijing+30.
   • Civil Society’s Role: Civil society must identify gaps and links between the GDC and other critical areas, including cybersecurity, trade negotiations, consumer rights, food security, labour, intellectual property, and climate justice.
   • Emerging Fields: Big Tech’s ventures, such as investments in nuclear power for data centres and AgTech, highlight the need for cross-field advocacy that integrates digital rights into diverse forums and sectors.
2. Human Rights as the Cornerstone of Digital Policy
   • Centrality of Human Rights: Digital policy must reaffirm human rights, focusing on development and placing people at the centre.
   • Strengthening Existing Tools: Implementation should leverage and reinforce existing human rights frameworks, particularly in the context of digital standards.
   • Collective Advocacy: Resistance from some states and businesses necessitates coordinated civil society strategies to uphold human rights in digital spaces.
3. Equitable Distribution of Digital Benefits
   • Inclusion of Marginalized Communities: Implementation must prioritize the participation of excluded groups through mechanisms, mentoring, capacity-building programs, and regional consultations.
   • Capacity Building: Initiatives like AfriSIG and inter-regional consultations should be expanded and strengthened to support effective participation.
   • Gender Inclusion: Connecting the GDC to gender-focused initiatives, such as Beijing+30, is essential for equitable outcomes.
4. Scrutiny of Financing Mechanisms
   • Risks of Private Sector Domination: Blended financing models must not disproportionately empower the private sector to dictate terms, especially in regions with weaker governmental contributions.
   • Market-First Model Failures: Emphasis should shift from market-first connectivity models, which have left many underserved, to inclusive and equitable financing approaches.
   • Universal Connectivity: Financing mechanisms must prioritize universal access while avoiding further marginalization of vulnerable communities.
5. Accountability of Big Tech
   • Regulating Corporate Practices: The GDC must ensure that big tech accountability is embedded in its frameworks, focusing on harms caused by their practices.
   • Human Rights Framework: States must be challenged to regulate corporations effectively within a human rights framework.
   • OHCHR Support: Adequate funding for the OHCHR is crucial to enabling oversight of state and corporate compliance with human rights standards.

Conclusion

The success of the GDC will depend heavily on how its principles are operationalized. Vigilance and proactive advocacy by civil society are essential to ensuring that its mechanisms and processes promote an inclusive, fair, and human-rights-respecting digital future.

Many people reach out to me on LinkedIn seeking guidance on how I became involved in the Internet Governance (IG) community, became a fellow, and navigated the action items required to engage with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) ecosystem. I always emphasize that this journey is deeply personal. While numerous resources, mentors, and inspiring journeys offer guidance, your unique skill set, dedication, and determination ultimately shape your path and bring true satisfaction to your career.

I began my journey into Internet Governance three years ago, starting as a newcomer to the field. My introduction to the ICANN world came while preparing a document related to India’s Public DNS. This initial exposure sparked my curiosity about ICANN’s pivotal role in managing the global DNS ecosystem. Driven by a desire to learn and grow, I discovered ICANN’s Fellowship Program—a gateway to deeper engagement.

However, my path wasn’t without challenges. I faced rejections, as reflected in my APNIC portal applications—a different fellowship platform from ICANN and even in ICANN applications as well. Despite setbacks, my curiosity and determination led me to immerse myself in the Internet Governance community. Being part of the world’s largest youth population, I realized the importance of contributing to this space and advocating for youth participation. This journey has not only enriched my understanding but also strengthened my commitment to making a meaningful impact.

When I first began exploring the world of Internet Governance, I discovered my initial step into this ecosystem at the national level through the Youth Internet Governance Forum (YIGF). I applied to join the organizing committee and was fortunate to be selected as part of the sponsorship team. That opportunity marked the beginning of my journey into the IG community, where I started networking, engaging with like-minded individuals, and connecting with influential leaders.

Engaging with new people, exchanging ideas, and exploring this dynamic space helped me reconnect with a part of myself I believed was lost. It brought back memories of my college days when I was confident, outgoing, and proactive. This journey not only facilitated personal growth but also reignited my passion and enthusiasm, leaving me feeling reinvigorated and inspired.

Youth IGF was a beautiful and enriching experience for me, offering the opportunity to connect with young, innovative minds from across the nation. It fuelled my curiosity and eagerness to gain even more knowledge in the field of Internet Governance. Following this, I was fortunate to be selected for the ICANN78 Fellowship, which allowed me to attend the Annual General Meeting (AGM).

For those unfamiliar with the ICANN Fellowship, it is held three times a year, corresponding to ICANN’s Annual General Meeting (AGM), Community Meeting, and Policy Forum. Anyone over the age of 21 can apply for the AGM and Community Meeting fellowships, while the Policy Forum is reserved exclusively for fellowship alumni. These programs provide invaluable opportunities to engage with global Internet Governance stakeholders and deepen one’s understanding of the DNS ecosystem.

The ICANN Annual General Meeting (AGM) experience was truly overwhelming, especially as a newcomer. It’s a dynamic environment where you witness the full spectrum of diversity and the multistakeholder approach in action. At first, ICANN may seem highly technical, primarily dealing with IP names and numbers, but it is so much more than that. It unites individuals from diverse fields, including technical experts, civil society, academia, and non-technical professionals.

After attending ICANN 78, I was selected for the Policy Forum for ICANN 80 in Kigali, Rwanda. Though it was yet another new experience, this time I saw some familiar faces, and connecting with people from across the globe felt like a lifelong friendship. ICANN truly enriches you with opportunities to build global relationships while expanding your horizons.

I had the opportunity to be an APSIG Fellow at the 2024 event in Taipei, Taiwan. The community’s essence is the same – the way they work, the way they view the Internet. The key is engagement. One of the most effective ways to deepen your interest in this community is by developing the habit of reading. Reading is not only an excellent exercise for your mind, but it also helps stimulate your neurons, fostering growth and learning. While I’m not offering medical advice, I am encouraging you to embrace reading as a tool to further immerse yourself in the Internet Governance community and all it has to offer. It’s about fostering interest and continuously learning.

Describing ICANN comprehensively in a single article is almost impossible because it is an expansive platform filled with endless opportunities for growth, collaboration, and learning. It’s not just a meeting; it’s a deep dive into the interconnected world of Internet Governance, where every participant has a role to play.

My journey didn’t end here; in fact, it truly began at this point. I realized that beyond my technical understanding of the Internet, I could explore other critical perspectives as well. ICANN introduced me to Universal Acceptance (UA), which emphasizes Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs) and the importance of making domain names accessible in multiple languages. ICANN’s belief in “One World, One Internet” underscores the need for inclusivity, and language is a key component of this vision.

For a country like India, where languages change from state to state, the concept of IDNs holds significant importance. Recognizing this, I started contributing to UA initiatives. I also became involved in the Asia-Pacific Regional At-Large Organization (APRALO), which is part of ICANN’s At-Large Advisory Committee (ALAC). While ICANN’s structure might seem complex and overwhelming at first, diving into its ecosystem helped me build a clearer picture of its processes and impact. Through this journey, I found new ways to contribute and grow, making a meaningful impact in the community.

Inspired by these experiences, I, along with fellow Indian members of the Internet Governance community, am working on launching Local APIGA India. This initiative, part of the broader IG community, focuses on capacity building and educating youth about the ICANN ecosystem. It is envisioned as a regional capacity-building event aimed at empowering the next generation with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate the world of Internet Governance.

For more details, you can visit our website at apigaindia.in. While the event is still in the planning stages, updates and information will be shared soon. Stay connected with us on various social media platforms to keep up with the latest developments!

The SM page for the same are as follows:
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/105339260/admin/dashboard/
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Explore These Valuable References for Internet Governance:

Whether you’re interested in national, regional, or global initiatives, these resources will guide you on your journey:

• Youth Internet Governance Forum (YIGF): youthigf.in
• Indian School of Internet Governance (inSIG): insig.in
• Indian Internet Governance Forum (IIGF): indiaigf.in
• Universal Acceptance Day (UA Day): uaday.in
• Youth IGF Asia: yigf.asia
• Asia Pacific Internet Governance Academy India (APIGA India): apigaindia.in
• NetMission Academy: netmission.asia
• Asia Pacific Regional IGF: ap.rigf.asia
• Digital Rights in Asia Pacific (DRAP): drap.ac
• Asia Pacific Internet Governance Academy (APIGA): community.icann.org
• ICANN Fellowship: icann.org/fellowshipprogram
• ICANN: icann.org

For additional insights or questions, feel free to connect with me on LinkedIn or email me at writeme1296@gmail.com.

India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has opposed ICANN’s raised concerns about how regional bodies manage and distribute Internet addresses, emphasizing the need for a more equitable governance model. As the global body overseeing the Domain Name System (DNS), ICANN’s proposals are central to ongoing discussions about evolving Internet governance frameworks, with India advocating for changes that reflect the interests of all stakeholders, especially nations from the Global South.

The concern arises when in October 2024, ICANN opened a comment period on its Internet Coordination Policy 2 (ICP-2), which sets the criteria for recognizing new Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). These RIRs play a critical role in managing the allocation and registration of IP addresses within their respective regions. A key point of contention in ICP-2 is a clause that grants significant decision-making authority to the Number Resource Organisation-Executive Council (NRO EC). This council, made up of the five existing RIRs, would have the power to propose the recognition or derecognition of new RIRs, subject to ICANN’s approval.

India has raised concerns regarding this proposal, highlights a lack of transparency in ICANN’s decision-making processes, stronger accountability, stresses the importance of global representation, advocating for a more inclusive governance structure that gives equitable voice to nations from the Global South. These reforms, India believes, are essential to ensure a fair and representative future for global internet governance.

Why It Matters:

The outcome of this debate holds significant importance as it will shape the future of global internet governance, influencing how the internet is managed, regulated, and governed worldwide. As a major player in the global digital economy, India’s stance carries considerable weight, with far-reaching implications for the country’s digital growth, security, and its role in shaping international internet policies.

What India Demands:

India has called for a revision of ICANN’s proposal to address its key concerns, including the need for greater transparency, accountability, and global representation. The government stresses the importance of adopting a multistakeholder approach to Internet governance, one that actively involves governments, civil society, and the private sector.

Instead of granting power to the NRO EC, MeitY has recommended a more inclusive, multi-stakeholder approach to recognising new RIRs. The Indian government has urged ICANN to involve its broader community in developing the evaluation process for new RIRs. This approach would help ensure that decision-making is fair, transparent, and not dominated by any group.

MeitY also suggested that ICANN establish an independent body to assess new RIR proposals. Such a body would ensure that the process remains transparent and balanced, helping to build trust among stakeholders and minimise any bias in the system.

India’s Concerns on Amendments and Derecognition of RIRs

India has voiced reservations about the proposed rules for amending ICP-2 and the process for derecognizing Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). The draft policy requires unanimous approval from all existing RIRs for any amendments, a condition India argues grants excessive control to these entities. While acknowledging the importance of involving RIRs, India stressed that no single registry or group should hold veto power.

The proposal, which is believed to shift governance dynamics or increase the role of specific stakeholders, has raised apprehensions about fairness, accountability, and its alignment with national interests. As a key player in the global Internet ecosystem, India has consistently advocated for a more inclusive, multilateral approach to internet governance, one that ensures equal representation of nations in decision-making processes